Name: Can America’s Mahjong Boom Save the Dying Craft of Tile Carving?
Uploaded: 2026-06-23T19:00:00Z
Duration: 12 min 49 s
Description: As mahjong’s popularity surges in the U.S., the market for the game is booming. Yet, the painstaking craft of hand-carved tiles is a dying art, with only a few artisans left to pass on the skill.

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As mahjong’s popularity surges in the U.S., the market for the game is booming. Yet, the painstaking craft of hand-carved tiles is a dying art, with only a few artisans left to pass on the skill. Photo: Rusty Foulkes/WSJ

https://m.wsj.net/video/20260623/462a9c45-614e-45d5-b546-dfbc2eafe7d8/1/hls/manifest-hd-wifi.m3u8

As mahjong’s popularity surges in the U.S., the market for the game is booming. Yet, the painstaking craft of hand-carved tiles is a dying art, with only a few artisans left to pass on the skill.

Can America’s Mahjong Boom Save the Dying Craft of Tile Carving?

I just was instantly captured by the sensory aspects of the game. The way the tiles look, the way they feel, you know, they're cool and smooth and heavy. There's nothing like the sound of Mahjong tiles as you mix or wash them.

American Mahjong comes in many different sizes, tons of colors and designs. I do have a special set that is a Wizard of Oz theme. The Glitterville set has cakes, cookies, and donuts for flowers.

When I come up with the design, I try to brand the contemporary illustration with the delegates of the heritage craftsmanship.

It's a dying art, and I wanted something special to be in my collection that we would have forever once the carvers are no longer around.

Mahjong is a game that is played with tiles that is similar to the game of Rummy, where you choose random tiles and try to complete a winning hand. There are three suits that you play with. The Dots that are typically round and look like a dot. The Cracks, which stands for Chinese characters, and the Bams, which are usually green and stands for bamboo. There are also some other tiles that help you build your hand. They would be the Winds, the Flowers, and the Dragons. In American Mahjong, we also use Jokers, so I ask them specifically to make Jokers for my Hong Kong set.

I really love the one dot or one circle because there is so much variation that's possible within this sphere of design.

The One Bam, also known as the Bird Bam.

Yes.

Heritage from one-one because you can really find the calligraphy inside the depth of the stroke.

Mahjong was first created in the area around Shanghai and the Yangtze River Delta in the mid to late 1800s. Really from the get go, the game was marketed to an American public as an ancient royal game of the Chinese court. In the 1920s boom, thousands and thousands of sets were made by hand. In that process, they also increasingly standardized the designs, but higher end sets, which were made by very, very skilled craftsmen, were carved with often just like a hair's breadth, really delicate scenes. But once they really start being made exclusively by machine and no longer by hand, that standardization process really takes off.

Newly-produced hand-carved tiles are really rare and precious these days. Machine-made tiles often do a great job of mimicking some of the designs, but having that kind of signature detail or style that's really communicated only by hand is just inimitable.

The Hong Kong tiles, you can tell by touching and feeling that they are an individual work of art, and the tiles that are produced by the American companies are mass-made and they look like they came out of a machine. They're very different from American Mahjong. They're chunky and big, and they're not elaborately decorated. You don't use the racks that we use in American Mahjong, and you just set them on the table. But I like that they're different and unique, and most people don't have them. I took my first lesson in August or September of 2025. I kept seeing things online about this game, but I knew nothing about it, so I began researching Mahjong and I discovered that many tiles were originally made in Hong Kong, and so I decided to go on this goose chase of getting myself a set from Hong Kong, hand-carved. Somehow, after all my digging, I found a lady on Instagram and she visited this particular artist, the last female artisan in Hong Kong. After many messages, emails, back and forth, I was sending money to Hong Kong to buy these tiles.

I really hope that hand-carving tiles continues to exist in an art form. I do think that particularly thanks to a resurgence of interest in Mahjong that's happening globally right now, there is enough of a market that will continue to support artisans who want to continue this craft.

My favorite parts about playing are the really cute tiles, the setup of the game.

American Mahjong, it's not just about playing the game, it's about all the aesthetics that go along with it. A Mahjong tablescape typically involves your mat, your racks, coasters, dice, dishes. There's a whole world out there of people wanting to get their tablescape perfected, and so they go to each other in the group and say, "I have this set of tiles. What mat and racks would you suggest?" Or, "I bought these racks today, what tiles would go with that?"

What's happening right now is quite new in that some American Mahjong companies the designers are based in the United States, but they're generally being made in China. They might be playing with references to American Mahjong culture and slang that another person who plays a different kind of Mahjong wouldn't be familiar with.

I'm not a Mahjong purist. I started this thing just six, eight months ago, so I love all the new designs, but I can understand people who have been playing for 50 years or maybe their grandmother played, it's probably a little odd to see things that aren't the traditional faces on the tiles. We are reaching a point where it's a fair question to ask if a game is played with unrecognizable equipment, is it actually the same game still, or has it changed to the point of becoming something else? I would be sad if American Mahjong really became fully divorced from a global context of Mahjong, because I think that ability to connect across difference is quite powerful and something we really need.

I try to brand the contemporary art, okay, with my father, traditional way of hand crafting.

Mahjong is really very important for my family. I witnessed the up and down, the disappearing of such kind of traditional game among people during the 2000s, so I build up Karen Aruba Art because I keep thinking, can I do something related to the art or craft that can be keep for the long term? I think for Karen Aruba Art, we want to focus on some unique handcrafting work, so I try to use the illustration laser-engraved, but then my father still handcrafting on some traditional Mahjong patterns. When I come up with the design, I try to keep some traditional cultural elements. For example, I will try to study the background, the history, to understand why people design this way. One of the mission of Karen Aruba Art is to keep on training people, but because my father closed the factory, they even lost all their Mahjong tools. I realized that if we want to teach people hand crafting, they do not have enough tools. Luckily, my husband's brother, he's also one of the wood craftsmen. He helped me to recreate few sets, and then we found a factory in Malaysia. He can recreate the scissors for us. So right now we have around eight to five full set of Mahjong-making tools. I mean, that is quite difficult to pass their professional skills to the next generation because they really need to devote a lot of time in practicing. But I do see that my role helped to build up the gap between the next generation and my father, the traditional elderly craftsmanship. If we keep on doing something, I still trust that we can keep on moving on, passing such kind of skills.