Name: Supply-Chain Bottlenecks Shift to East and Gulf Coast Ports
Uploaded: 2022-08-23T09:30:00Z
Duration: 4 min 23 s
Description: Container-ship backlogs from New York to Houston are extending strains on troubled supply chains in the U.S. WSJ’s Paul Berger explains what’s contributing to the congestion and what impact it’s having on the economy. Photo illustration: Adele Morgan

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Container-ship backlogs from New York to Houston are extending strains on troubled supply chains in the U.S. WSJ’s Paul Berger explains what’s contributing to the congestion and what impact it’s having on the economy. Photo illustration: Adele Morgan

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Supply-Chain Bottlenecks Shift to East and Gulf Coast Ports

Adele: This is the Port of Savannah in Georgia, the second largest port on the East Coast. This map shows ship locations tracked by the company marine traffic. On August 19th, there was a backup of about 30 container ships. Similar backlogs have formed at the ports in New York and Houston.

This is important because it makes life difficult for businesses, particularly small businesses, and it's also important because it helps to keep the cost of shipping goods high, which contributes to inflation.

Adele: So how did this backlog happen and what's being done to relieve the congestion?

To understand what's happening today on the East and Gulf Coasts, you have to go all the way back to the beginning of the pandemic when there was first a massive decrease in the number of goods moving around the world, and then an enormous increase of flood of imports that really hasn't stopped for the last two years.

Adele: The worst bottlenecks at US ports have been concentrated at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in Southern California, where earlier this year, there was a backup of more than 100 container ships. This year, cargo growth has slowed at the Southern California ports, the main US gateway for goods imported from Asia, but volumes headed into the country through the East and Gulf Coasts have kept rising.

So retailers and manufacturers had a really, really difficult time in 2021 getting all of the goods and the widgets that they needed in order to get products to the stores. They were so concerned at the start of this year that they would see similar delays to the ones that they saw last year, that they both ordered earlier than they normally would, and they ordered more than they normally would.

Adele: And because retailers and manufacturers were worried about the ports on the West Coast, they diverted cargo to the ports at New York, Houston and Savannah.

Another reason that shippers are diverting cargo from the West Coast this year is because there are labor talks between the union that represents about 22,000 dockworkers at all of the ports along the West Coast. Historically, those talks have been contentious and there have been work slowdowns that have caused significant delays to cargo.

Adele: During the first five months of the year, the volume of loaded containers reaching the Port of New York and New Jersey rose more than 12% from the comparable period of 2021, according to the Pacific Merchant Shipping Association. The inbound volume at Port Houston jumped 24% in that period.

The impact of the congestion at these East and Gulf Coast ports is being felt both by companies that are trying to import goods into the country, as well as by exporters.

Adele: Cargo handling terminals at the ports are so full that they load and unload ships more slowly, causing backups at sea. On land, truckers can't return empty boxes, so their yards fill up with containers sitting atop trailers. The Port of New York and New Jersey is clogged with about 200,000 empty containers waiting to be picked up by ocean carriers. At the Houston Port, import boxes are sitting an average of six to seven days, twice as long as usual.

This isn't so much a failure of the port and its operations. It's more an illustration of what happens when ports become so overwhelmed with cargo. At the end of the day, the ports only have a finite amount of space.

Adele: But port officials say they are taking steps to try to relieve the congestion.

Many of them have found additional land either within their own ports or outside of them, where they can store extra containers and free up a little bit of space so that they can move boxes on and off ships more efficiently.

Adele: Other officials have talked about charging ocean carriers for empty containers that spend too long at the port.

Just like the ports on the West Coast and particularly in Southern California, there's very little in the short term that they can do to alleviate the problem.

Adele: For example, dredging channels and installing new cranes, those kinds of improvements can take years. But shipping officials say a slowdown in cargoes might be on the horizon.

Because many importers brought goods in early, and because there are significant signs of a slowdown in consumer spending, some of the shipping industry executives and officials that I spoke to said that they expect this year's peak shipping season, which we're currently in the middle of, is expected to be a lot softer than it normally is.

Adele: Some industry officials are hopeful that in the weeks and months ahead, the amount of congestion will reduce and the bottlenecks will begin to subside, at least a little bit.

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