Name: Why Copacabana Beach Is One of the World’s Hardest Concert Venues
Uploaded: 2026-05-12T16:00:00Z
Duration: 6 min 59 s
Description: How do you control a crowd of roughly 2 million concertgoers? WSJ spoke with two crowd control experts who broke down the hidden engineering they would use to manage audiences attending Copacabana Beach’s free concerts.

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How do you control a crowd of roughly 2 million concertgoers? WSJ spoke with two crowd control experts who broke down the hidden engineering they would use to manage audiences attending Copacabana Beach’s free concerts. Photo: Mauro Pimentel/Agence France-Presse/Getty Images

https://m.wsj.net/video/20260512/5e799189-0857-4d54-9506-ef986488fa1b/1/hls/manifest-hd-wifi.m3u8

How do you control a crowd of roughly 2 million concertgoers? WSJ spoke with two crowd control experts who broke down the hidden engineering they would use to manage audiences attending Copacabana Beach’s free concerts.

Why Copacabana Beach Is One of the World’s Hardest Concert Venues

Copacobana Beach is one of the most challenging venues you can plan for a concert. You have sea on one side, high buildings on another, sand underfoot. Free concert, millions of fans. You could be up to a mile away from the stage. I've been the Director of Security for Oasis, Led Zeppelin, Stereophonics, Eminem. I've worked on Wembley Stadium and Arsenal's Emirates Stadium, but Copacabana, it's a different beast. This is not typical of concerts at all.

Like this?

Yeah, you can't be sit, standing there. The key issues with hosting any event on sand is a topography in the underfoot conditions. We look at the fingers here now. Consider these as legs and feet. We haven't got a solid surface so the feet will actually come in, and then suddenly, we're walking like this. So this causes an issue, not when people are arriving, but certainly when they're leaving and/or in an emergency condition. So the ideal solution would be a solid surface underfoot conditions. I'll show you here. Okay. Now this would be the ideal scenario. That being said, obviously, the public access to the beach is a requirement, and there's also the resources. There would not be enough floor covering in most countries for this type of event. So you'd have to ship it in from worldwide, and then it would have to ensure that it would fit to the existing floor covering. So the queue system we generally use is what we call a S-shaped queue. It's something like this. So this would be the ideal scenario, but when you're looking at the numbers at Copacabana with to a million, 2 million people, there just simply isn't the space or the time to lay things out like this. And there just wouldn't be even the amount of barriers available to do it. So in this scenario here, Copacabana Beach, if we could organize it, it's very structured. If we hit the water here, and we have the stage at the front end here, what we'd be looking to do is to have multiple routes in with the crowd equally distributed along each of these. And each of these would have a queue system feeding it that would let everybody in at the same rate. So when doors open, everyone is gonna wanna make a dash straight for the center of the stage. So one of the mitigation measures we put in place is we space out security staff to slow the crowd down to get them walking 'cause we don't want to have any trips, slips, or injuries on the way in. So what we're gonna draw now is assist it with a secondary barrier, and this would be for a volatile crowd. And what this barrier does, it's a safe working area for the security staff, which are positioned within the barrier, and the medical teams. And there's a corridor for those that are extracted over the barrier in distress to safely walk out and not over-occupy this area. So the next design is where we have what's referred to as a T-barrier. We know that this area here is gonna be dense, so the crowd are gonna compress forward, and what this system does, it reduces this lateral movement from side to side and holds the crowd. So Copacabana Beach, as a venue, stretches all the way along the coastline in Rio for up to two miles. Got the stage at the front here, and then, each set of these screens is serving a separate section of the crowd. And as you can see there, they do overlap slightly because you'll be able to see some of the screen from the previous section. Each section is just splitting that feature up into manageable sections like that. We're trying to avoid crowd crush, progressive crowd collapse, or anything that can cause harm or death for crowds. For Astroworld, we know publicly that one of the stages was over on this side over here. So we know that the vast amount of the crowd are gonna be entering from this location heading towards here and in here. There will also be crowd that will come round this direction, and we also know that there was a carnival in this area here. They came in from stage right predominantly, and this area was overwhelmed. So the difference between the Astroworld setup and Copacabana setup, there's no barrier down the central spine of the crowd. So they can migrate if they want to. And I think the key difference with Copacabana, there'll be a large proportion of that crowd that can see the screens, can see the stage, but there's also this collective behavior that people just wanna be there. So some people will hear it and not see it, and they'll be satisfied with that. They're quite happy being further out. So this here is a made up setlist with fabricated names of no actual songs them self. This is all about crowd safety for us. And what we would do there, we would highlight the energetic songs. Is the artist gonna be going down into the barrier or any movement the artist is gonna do in a particular song. If there's pyro gonna be scheduled for a song, we need to know that because we can anticipate the crowd to surge forward. Normally, when we look at a venue, we know the number of people that the venue can hold so we know the capacity and, therefore, we can plan for that number of people. But in event such as this at Copacabana, it's free entry, so you can't predict to any accuracy how many people will turn up. In a free concert like this, these are lower numbers, but what we might model is what happens if 20,000 people turn up? What happens if 30,000 people turn up? What happens if 40,000 people turn up? And also, what happens if more people come from the east rather than the west or vice versa. And we will test different scenarios and different numbers to try and find the worst case. And if the worst case works, then we hope that all the other cases will work, too. This is not just a case of let's plan a concert for next month and put it together. A huge amount of emphasis is placed on safety and crowd management. I just think Rio should be proud of themselves. They pull off the biggest events in the world. Very impressive, and fair play to them.