Name: What Makes the Perfect World Cup Stadium?
Uploaded: 2026-07-17T13:00:00Z
Duration: 7 min 52 s
Description: As the 2026 World Cup comes to a close with the final at New York New Jersey Stadium, we asked an architect what actually makes a great soccer stadium.

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As the 2026 World Cup comes to a close with the final at New York New Jersey Stadium, we asked an architect what actually makes a great soccer stadium. Photo: Photo illustration: Robert Sommerlad

https://m.wsj.net/video/20260717/6e13eb08-a5c4-4f1a-94af-6fe43e72fdbf/2/hls/manifest-hd-wifi.m3u8

As the 2026 World Cup comes to a close with the final at New York New Jersey Stadium, we asked an architect what actually makes a great soccer stadium.

What Makes the Perfect World Cup Stadium?

For the first time in decades, the World Cup Final is taking place at a venue designed for American football: New York New Jersey Stadium. In fact, the entire tournament was different, spread across stadiums with dramatically different designs, many of them never built for soccer. These architectural differences can shape everything, from how players perform to what fans experience. So we asked a stadium architect, what makes the best venue for the world's biggest sporting event?

Hi there. I'm Jeroen Janssen. I'm a director with Thornton Tomasetti, and we're an international engineering firm. We're working on quite a few stadiums around the world.

First, let's get the lay of the land. The 2026 World Cup spans 16 stadiums. Some are entirely open air, some have a partial roof over spectators, and others can be fully enclosed. You might think that one design is better suited for soccer than others, but designing a stadium means balancing competing demands. There's the players who want comfortable conditions, but also an exciting atmosphere, the fans who need clear sight lines, the action, the pitch itself, which needs enough light and air to grow, and of course, the actual venue, which wants to generate revenue by hosting other events year round.

It's not at all just about the sports, and that's why all of these stadiums, they look so different and all of their experiences are so different. There's not one recipe that works for all.

Typically, FIFA has a lot of guidelines for World Cup stadiums, but this year, there was some flexibility.

Because they're using existing infrastructure, existing stadiums, they do, yeah, they do compromise here and there.

One rule that doesn't change is the pitch being natural grass. None of that artificial turf that's so common in American football stadiums. In an open air stadium like Kansas City's though, that's no problem.

There's plenty of air coming through, so that's definitely good. There's no roof, so there's ample sunlight coming into the stadium. I think this is one of the favorite stadiums for the pitch.

Even outside of FIFA matches, this stadium maintains a natural grass field for football games, but there's a trade-off.

All of the seats are completely, exposed completely on the outside. It probably gets pretty hot from the sun if there is a game in the afternoon.

And with no roof to bounce sound off of, the atmosphere suffers.

The chants and the whole experience of a game, it might just disappear a little bit into the wider air.

Compare that to a stadium like the one in Dallas.

So this is fully enclosed. It does have a retractable roof, so the panels here on the top, they can actually glide over these circular rails. This is the way they've been playing in the World Cup as well. It's always closed, which means it's fully air conditioned inside.

But it comes at a cost. A crowd of thousands of people generates a lot of heat, as do the giant screens that float above the stadium. So cooling is a massive endeavor.

These type of stadiums, they tend to consume huge amounts of energy, generate a lot of additional heat to the already hot air. So in a way, they kind of become a little bit controversial in that way as well.

And an enclosed space can be loud. Sometimes that's good for atmosphere, but other times it can be too much.

You can just see the dark gray panels here. So they do absorb and attract some of that noise while still reflecting enough.

In Dallas, an air-conditioned stadium might be best for the players, but what do fans want? Here's where a stadium like Mexico City's wins handily.

You can see that this is purposely built for soccer in the first place, right?

A partial roof provides shade for the fans while still letting in light for the grass pitch, and the style of roof reflects sound without being too loud. The seating is also different.

The tiers, the seating tiers are very close. So you got your pitch ending here, you got a seating tear here. I noticed these steep tiers here, right, versus Kansas City was a lot more flatter. So one of the first things actually to, when you, as an architect engineer start designing a stadium, is sight lines. What is important is that all of the spectators have a good view. So really what that means is if we got a person sitting on the tier and the next person needs to be able to look over the head of the person in front of them without having any obstructions. And then really what we want to do is if we extend that line, we want to see the start of the pitch.

These viewing angles vary based on the sport. For football, the seating tier has to start higher up to see over the crowded sidelines. Not so with soccer. And stadiums designed for football tend to be larger. That means bigger screens to help the people in the nosebleeds.

The bigger the screens, actually, the further away the seats can be.

Soccer stadiums on the other hand tend to be smaller, more compact venues. And the play happens all over the pitch, whereas American football is a lot more focused on lateral movements across the yard lines. For that reason, stadium designers tend to maximize football seating on the long edge of the field.

Often the corners are open, so whereas soccer actually tries to go all the way around to create that enclosed bowl.

But there are downsides to this design too.

It's probably less of a commercial money maker, let's say. But by being a purpose-built soccer stadium, and it being the biggest stadium in Mexico, it has a lot of history. There's been World Cups hosted here before, right?

But this year's World Cup Final isn't at a soccer specific stadium. It's being played at the New York New Jersey stadium.

We say New York? Do we say New Jersey? It's officially New Jersey, right?

Like many American football stadiums, it's surrounded by parking lots.

You see the car park around it, right? Like, I don't even see the city. Like, it's all car park.

All that concrete heats up the surrounding area. But if you're willing to brave the heat, what's the best seat in the house?

I think it varies a little bit who ends up in the finals, to be honest. If I'm impartial , then it's probably a seat up here sort of in the middle of the seating tier because you're high up so that you can actually comfortably without turning your head too much or missing action. You can see both goals, so you can really see the whole action and the whole game happening. Hence, actually, that's why those hospitality boxes are there. They're actually the best seats in the house. Now, I'm Dutch and the Netherlands is out of the World Cup already. But if that team was playing, then maybe it's actually behind the goal and I want to see the action of the home team.

Every stadium we've looked at solves some problems and creates others, but Jeroen's ideal stadium combines the best elements of each.

I think I would probably be quite close to the more traditional kind of soccer type stadium. But maybe I'm biased by being European and been growing up with soccer, let's say. If we got to pitch, I think it's going to be quite a steep tier. My ideal situation would be more of an urban situation where it's really embedded within the urban fabric. I would probably go for a semi-covered or so, probably some sort of a roof and facade. It might want to actually have a closable roof. And yeah, with the roof predominantly semi-closed, it would probably, it doesn't need to be fully air conditioned, but it is climatized. If necessary, you could close it up and you can host the games in the sun or in the rain. I don't know if you want to call it an ideal stadium, but that would probably come close.

Do you want to name your stadium? Do you want to label it?

No, I don't want to label the stadium.

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