Name: This Finnish Sports Complex Is Hiding a Nuclear Shelter
Uploaded: 2026-02-19T17:00:00Z
Duration: 7 min 22 s
Description: As Europe seeks to re-establish a network of civilian shelters, shelter construction companies have been heading to Finland and Switzerland to see what it takes to build a bunker that can withstand modern day threats.

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As Europe seeks to re-establish a network of civilian shelters, shelter construction companies have been heading to Finland and Switzerland to see what it takes to build a bunker that can withstand modern day threats. Photo: The Wall Street Journal

https://m.wsj.net/video/20260219/99186137-c8fb-4a5d-8d3b-53780096f066/2/hls/manifest-hd-wifi.m3u8

As Europe seeks to re-establish a network of civilian shelters, shelter construction companies have been heading to Finland and Switzerland to see what it takes to build a bunker that can withstand modern day threats.

This Finnish Sports Complex Is Hiding a Nuclear Shelter

This sports center in Finland is hiding a secret. It may contain badminton courts, a boxing ring, and gym equipment, but it's also designed to keep 7,000 people safe in the event of a nuclear attack.

We have the basic radiation dose meter, iodine pills for radiation, safety equipment, gas masks.

George: This is Luola, Finnish for cave. A dual-use emergency shelter built into the bedrock of a cliff just 100 miles from Russia.

This is the largest modern shelter, at least here in Finland, probably in the world as well.

Do you think people walk through and go, "Oh, I'm going into a civilian shelter?"

No. No, definitely not. I think they see it as a sports hall. They don't really realize what's happening here.

George: As Russia's war with Ukraine threatens to spill over into Europe, bunker manufacturers from around the globe have been heading to Finland to learn the techniques used in its advanced network of 50,000 shelters.

My principal market is Mexico. All our technology is from Switzerland and Finland. In North America, we don't have the factories to this kind of equipment.

George: So just what does it take to build a modern bomb shelter?

Most of the people think shelters as bunkers. That it's reinforced concrete, and then you go inside. And it is not that anymore.

The first line of defense starts with a set of blast doors, almost eight inches thick, to withstand blast loads. You might not even notice them as you walk up towards the sports arena, but these are designed to be manually closed. The doors are set back some 80 feet into the cave and positioned at an angle to the main entrance.

There is always a wall where the blast wave is supposed to hit first before it hits the doors, so the blast wave is reflected and thus lessened.

And the way the system knows that they're closed is using this sensor here, which tells people on the inside of the shelter whether the outer doors are sealed shut. Even though the shelter is designed for 7,000 people, the doors can be operated by just one person. To one side lies these two blast valves.

Which is used to prevent the blast waves from entering inside the shelter, but at the same time still allow airflow into the shelter. So once a blast wave hits, the valve closes, and no blast wave enters into this area here.

Then further back, you have a second set of doors that are sealed from inside. Next to them lies two gastight valves, which can be completely sealed shut. And that effectively turns this space into an airlock, meaning that anyone trying to come in from the outside can be decontaminated before safely being allowed into the rest of the shelter.

They need to remove their clothing. They are washed in this room, and then they are let in. That is the best case scenario. In a worst case scenario, you might not be able to even to let them in if they're so contaminated.

George: But even if the gastight valves were left open, there's a clever way to prevent toxins from getting in. And for that, you have to go deep into the shelter.

Inside of the shelter, which we call the lungs of the shelter, is the filtration room where we have the CBRN filtration system, which is called chemical, biological, radioactive, nuclear filters.

George: These filters, which we can't show you too much of for security reasons, stop toxic agents getting into the shelter's airstream, but they also serve to keep the shelter over pressured. And that means that if a valve is left open or there's a hole in the door, then clean air will be pushed out rather than dirty air being sucked in. And there's a good reason why everything in this room is on springs.

We need to protect the sensitive equipment from the blast. So a blast wave hits, the ground shock comes, these units will shake, but everything still functions even through the blast.

George: Then hidden away in a small back room lies all of the supplies for the shelter. Why are there so many buckets in this room?

You need all the people inside the shelter, almost 7,000 people, they will need to have drinking water. All these buckets will be removed from the storage rooms, filled with water, and spread out equally so people can always have fresh drinking water.

George: So what else have we got in here? I'm just gonna be straight up nosy now.

Mika: Vests, more gas masks.

George: Batteries.

Mika: Batteries.

George: Duct tape.

Duct tape. We have beds. In these, three people fit into this one. Some people are working, some people are resting, and some people are sleeping. Usually they set up in shifts like that.

And then there's these really indiscreet toilets.

These are separated by these sheets, and inside you can see that we have a simple bucket-style toilet.

George: In a crisis, all this needs to be unpacked and installed.

We have 72 hours, three days basically, to transform this place into a properly working shelter. But in reality, it definitely happens faster than that.

George: Once it's all unpacked, it takes up a lot of space. But Finland has a method to decide exactly how big the shelter needs to be. Can you tell me what this square is on the floor?

This is the basic space allocation for a single person inside the shelter. This is 0.75 square meters, and it comes from the Finnish regulations. So you don't need to have much space for yourself because you can sit here, you can stand here, and it is enough space for a single person. When you are in a crisis time, you don't need to be comfortable because you are trying to survive.

George: Across Western Europe, nations have been reassessing their network of civil shelters as military experts warn that Russia could be in a position to attack within years. While countries like Germany used to have thousands of shelters, many have since been turned into galleries, apartments, and even solar power stations.

In Sweden, similarly like in Germany, they stopped building and upkeeping these shelters.

George: But restoring them won't be as simple as kicking out the current tenants.

That hideout isn't sufficient nowadays anymore. Those has not been kept up to date, and the technology also have developed. Nowadays we use sensors inside of their facilities. We have the filtration systems against chemical threats.

George: So to find out how modern shelters are built, some manufacturers are turning to countries like Finland who never stopped building and kept their construction standards up to date. One of those people is Victor, chief operating officer of Mexican Shelter building company SB Global, who has come to Helsinki to see this shelter being constructed in the bedrock under a hospital.

Follow the leader. In our case, Mexico, our shelters are small for family, but the principles are the same. We need blast doors, we need airtight doors. Switzerland has public information for design shelters, and Finland too. And as an engineer, I can read that kind of standards and provide solution.

We are very openly sharing like the research that we have done into this. There is a growing interest, let's say, all the way from farrest Asia and Middle East, including in the Europe as well. We've been doing this since the Second World War, and that silent knowledge is is basically passed on from generation to generation. Our knowledge and information will be also passed on.